Lesson Four: -ist & -est

Words taught: 72+

Do we use  -ist as in artist or -est as in smallest, and why?  

 

Rule:

Use -ist in careers (dentist) and in beliefs (socialist)

Use -est when comparing three or more things (smallest).

 

1) The -ist in careers and in beliefs in 72 words:

  • specialist, socialist, journalist, capitalist, imperialist, idealist, realist, materialist, existentialist, individualist, environmentalist, fundamentalist, nationalist, finalist, internationalist, novelist
  • pianist, humanist, hygienist, machinist, communist, opportunist, Zionist, perfectionist, evolutionist, revolutionist, impressionist, chauvinist, columnist
  • druggist, genealogist, dermatologist, gynecologist, cardiologist, neurologist, geologist, psychologist, zoologist, sociologist, anthropologist, archeologist, pathologist
  • artist, scientist, dentist, Baptist
  • racist, pharmacist, Narcissist, Marxist
  • optometrist, psychiatrist, guitarist, humorist
  • typist, therapist
  • Buddhist, sadist, Methodist
  • lobbyist, economist, activist, linguist

2) The -est in comparison:
The -
est is used for comparing three or more things.

small, smaller, smallest; cold, colder, coldest

glad, gladder, gladdest; smart, smarter, smartest

short, shorter, shortest; slow, slower, slowest

strong, stronger, strongest; warm, warmer, warmest

deep, deeper, deepest; wide, wider, widest

safe, safer, safest; humble, humbler, humblest

nice, nicer, nicest; free, freer, freest

happy (y becomes i >happi) >happier, happiest

lucky (y becomes i >lucki) >luckier, luckiest

busy ( y becomes i >busi) >busier, busiest

angry (y becomes i >angri) >angrier, angriest

hungry (y becomes i >hungri) >hungrier, hungriest

sleepy (y becomes i >sleppi) >sleepier, sleepiest

cloudy (y becomes i >cloudi) >cloudier, cloudiest

Note: The -ist makes nouns, and the -est makes adjectives.

 

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